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Housework as a Woman's Job? What Looks Like Gender Ideologies Could Also Be Stereotypes

By on September 3, 2024 in Articles

Katrin Auspurg, Sabine Düval

Sociological Science September 3, 2024
10.15195/v11.a29

Abstract

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We question the validity of standard measures of gender ideology. When asked about “men” and “women” in general, respondents may imagine women (men) with lower (higher) labor market resources. Therefore, standard measures may conflate gender ideologies (injunctive norms) with stereotypical beliefs (descriptive norms). We test this hypothesis with an experiment in the German family panel pairfam: ∼1,200 respondents rated the appropriate division of housework in ∼3,700 hypothetical couples. By gradually adding information about labor market resources, we were able to override respondents’ stereotypical beliefs. We find that with more information, even “traditional” respondents support egalitarian housework arrangements. The main difference between “traditional” and “egalitarian” respondents is not in their ideologies (as previously thought), but in their interpretation of vague items. This leads us to conclude that standard measures overestimate traditional gender ideologies. Our study also illustrates how varying the amount of information can help identify respondents’ implicit beliefs.
Creative Commons LicenseThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Katrin Auspurg: Department of Sociology, LMU Munich
E-mail: katrin.auspurg@lmu.de

Sabine Düval: German Youth Institute (DJI)
E-mail: dueval@dji.de

Acknowledgements: We thank the participants of the Conference of the European Survey Research Association (ESRA) in 2019, the Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association (ASA) in 2019, the pairfam User Conference in 2019, and the seminar on “Analytical Sociology: Theory and Empirical Applications” at at the Venice International University in 2018 for helpful suggestions. We are also grateful for comments on an earlier version we received from Josef Brüderl. We used data from the German Family Panel pairfam, coordinated by Josef Brüderl, Sonja Drobniè, Karsten Hank, Johannes Huinink, Bernhard Nauck, Franz J. Neyer, and Sabine Walper. From 2004 to 2022, pairfam was funded as priority program and long-term project by the German Research Foundation (DFG). Sabine Düval worked on the manuscript and data analysis mainly during her PhD studies at the LMU Munich. Part of this work was done while Katrin Auspurg was a Visiting Fellow at the European University Institute (EUI) in Florence.

Supplemental Materials

Reproducibility Package: The data we used (pairfam data release 10.0) can be accessed here: https://www.pairfam.de/en/data/data-access. Our replication files (Stata dofiles and data on response times not included in the pairfam release) are available on the following OSF platform: https://osf.io/3fqw9 (Auspurg and Düval 2024).

  • Citation: Auspurg, Katrin, and Sabine Düval. 2024. “Housework as a Woman’s Job?: What Looks Like Gender Ideologies Could Also Be Stereotypes.” Sociological Science 11: 789-814.
  • Received: September 21, 2023
  • Accepted: February 22, 2024
  • Editors: Arnout van de Rijt, Maria Abascal
  • DOI: 10.15195/v11.a29


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Demographic Change and Group Boundaries in Germany: The Effect of Projected Demographic Decline on Perceptions of Who Has a Migration Background

By on May 9, 2022 in Articles

Johanna Gereke, Joshua Hellyer, Jan Behnert, Saskia Exner, Alexander Herbel, Felix Jäger, Dean Lajic, Štepán Mezenský, Vu Ngoc Anh, Tymoteusz Ogłaza, Jule Schabinger, Anna Sokolova, Daria Szafran, Noah Tirolf, Susanne Veit, and Nan Zhang

Sociological Science May 9, 2022
10.15195/v9.a9

Abstract

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In many Western societies, the current “native” majority will become a numerical minority sometime within the next century. How does prospective demographic change affect existing group boundaries? An influential recent article by Abascal (2020) showed that white Americans under demographic threat reacted with boundary contraction—that is, they were less likely to classify ambiguously white people as “white.” The present study examines the generalizability of these findings beyond the American context. Specifically, we test whether informing Germans about the projected decline of the “native” population without migration background affects the classification of phenotypically ambiguous individuals. Our results show that information about demographic change neither affects the definition of group boundaries nor generates negative feelings toward minority outgroups. These findings point to the relevance of contextual differences in shaping the conditions under which demographic change triggers group threat and boundary shifts.
Creative Commons LicenseThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Johanna Gereke: Mannheimer Zentrum für Europäische Sozialforschung (MZES), University of Mannheim
E-mail: johanna.gereke@mzes.uni-mannheim.de

Joshua Hellyer: Mannheimer Zentrum für Europäische Sozialforschung (MZES), University of Mannheim
E-mail: joshua.hellyer@mzes.uni-mannheim.de

Jan Behnert: School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim
E-mail: jbehnert@mail.uni-mannheim.de

Saskia Exner: School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim
E-mail: sexner@mail.uni-mannheim.de

Alexander Herbel: School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim
E-mail: aherbel@mail.uni-mannheim.de

Felix Jäger: School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim
E-mail: jaeger@uni-mannheim.de

Dean Lajic: School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim
E-mail: dlajic@mail.uni-mannheim.de

Štepán Mezenský: School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim
E-mail: tmezensk@mail.uni-mannheim.de

Vu Ngoc Anh: School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim
E-mail: vngocanh@mail.uni-mannheim.de

Tymoteusz Ogłaza: School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim
E-mail: toglaza@mail.uni-mannheim.de

Jule Schabinger: School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim
E-mail: jschabin@mail.uni-mannheim.de

Anna Sokolova: School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim
E-mail: anna.sokolova@uni-mannheim.de

Daria Szafran: School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim
E-mail: dszafran@mail.uni-mannheim.de

Noah Tirolf: School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim
E-mail: notirolf@mail.uni-mannheim.de

Susanne Veit: German Center for Integration and Migration Research (DeZIM-Institut)
E-mail: veit@dezim-institut.de

Nan Zhang: Mannheimer Zentrum für Europäische Sozialforschung (MZES), University of Mannheim
E-mail: nan.zhang@mzes.uni-mannheim.de

Acknowledgments:This research was supported by funding from the Stifterverband and the Baden-Württemberg Stiftung for “Innovation in Teaching.”

Supplemental Material

  • Citation: Gereke, Johanna, Joshua Hellyer, Jan Behnert, Saskia Exner, Alexander Herbel, Felix Jäger, Dean Lajic, Štepán Mezenský, Vu Ngoc Anh, Tymoteusz Ogłaza, Jule Schabinger, Anna Sokolova, Daria Szafran, Noah Tirolf, Susanne Veit, and Nan Zhang. 2022. “Demographic Change and Group Boundaries in Germany: The Effect of Projected Demographic Decline on Perceptions of Who Has a Migration Background.” Sociological Science 9: 206-220.
  • Received: January 12, 2022
  • Accepted: March 8, 2022
  • Editors: Arnout van de Rijt, Vida Maralani
  • DOI: 10.15195/v9.a9


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